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Islam is the second-largest religion in India, making up 14.2% of the country's population with about 172 million adherents (2011 census). Islam first came to the western coast of India with Arab traders as early as the 7th century AD to coastal Malabar and the Konkan-Gujarat. Cheraman Juma Masjid in Kerala is thought to be the first mosque in India, built in 629 AD by Malik lbn Dinar. Following an expedition from the governor of Bahrain to Bharuch in the 7th century AD, immigrant Arab and Persian trading communities from South Arabia and the Persian Gulf began settling in coastal Gujarat. Islam arrived in north India in the 12th century with Turkic invasions and has since become a part of India's religious and cultural heritage. Over the centuries, there has been significant integration of Hindu and Muslim cultures across India and the Muslims have played a prominent role in India's economic rise and cultural influence. ==Early history of Islam in India== Trade relations have existed between Arabia and the Indian subcontinent since ancient times. Even in the pre-Islamic era, Arab traders used to visit the Konkan-Gujarat coast and Malabar region, which linked them with the ports of South East Asia. Newly Islamised Arabs were Islam's first contact with India. The historians Elliot and Dowson say in their book ''The History of India as told by its own Historians'', the first ship bearing Muslim travellers was seen on the Indian coast as early as 630 AD. H.G. Rawlinson, in his book: ''Ancient and Medieval History of India''〔ISBN 81-86050-79-5 Ancient and Medieval History of India〕 claims the first Arab Muslims settled on the Indian coast in the last part of the 7th century AD. Shaykh Zainuddin Makhdum's "Tuhfat al-Mujahidin" is also a reliable work.〔ISBN 983-9154-80-X〕 This fact is corroborated, by J. Sturrock in his ''South Kanara and Madras Districts Manuals'',〔Sturrock, J.,South Canara and Madras District Manual (2 vols., Madras, 1894–1895)〕 and also by Haridas Bhattacharya in ''Cultural Heritage of India Vol. IV''.〔ISBN 81-85843-05-8 Cultural Heritage of India Vol. IV〕 It was with the advent of Islam that the Arabs became a prominent cultural force in the world. The Arab merchants and traders became the carriers of the new religion and they propagated it wherever they went.〔(-Genesis and Growth of the Mappila Community )〕 The first Indian mosque, Cheraman Juma Masjid, is thought to have been built in 629 AD by Malik Bin Deenar.〔William Logan, ''Malabar Manual'', Asian Educational Services, 1996 ISBN 81-206-0446-6, ISBN 978-81-206-0446-9〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Islamic Voice - DHU'L QADAH / DHU'L HAJJ )〕〔(Bahrain tribune World’s second oldest mosque is in India )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A mosque from a Hindu king; Travelogue; News from India, News for Tourists and Travellers, India Travel Times, India News, India News Times, Indian News, Travel News, Travel, Tourism, )〕 In Malabar, the Mappilas may have been the first community to convert to Islam. Intensive missionary activities were carried out along the coast and many natives also embraced Islam. These new converts were now added to the Mappila community. Thus among the Mappilas, we find, both the descendants of the Arabs through local women and the converts from among the local people. In the 8th century, the province of Sindh (in present-day Pakistan) was conquered by an Arab army led by Muhammad bin Qasim. Sindh became the easternmost province of the Umayyad Caliphate. In the first half of the 10th century, Mahmud of Ghazni added the Punjab to the Ghaznavid Empire and conducted 17 raids on modern-day India. In the 11th century, Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud played a significant role in the conversion of locals (Hindus) to Islam. A more successful invasion came at the end of the 12th century by Muhammad of Ghor. This eventually led to the formation of the Delhi Sultanate. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Islam in India」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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